Abantu abaninzi bayabhidekaiinqwelo zegalufangezithuthi ezinesantya esiphantsi (LSVs). Ngelixa babelana ngezinto ezininzi ezifanayo ngenkangeleko kunye nokusebenza, bahluke kakhulu kwimo yabo yomthetho, iimeko zesicelo, imigangatho yobugcisa, kunye nokuma kwemarike. Eli nqaku liza kukunceda uqonde umahluko phakathiii-LSVs kunye neenqwelo zegalufa, ikuvumela ukuba wenze izigqibo zokuthenga unolwazi.
Inkcazo kunye neNdawo esemthethweni
Inqwelo yeGalufa
Iinqwelo zegalufa ekuqaleni zaziyilelwe ukuthutha kwikhosi, ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha abadlali kunye neeklabhu zabo. Iimpawu zabo zezi:
Uyilo lokuqala: Ukukhonza ngaphakathi kwekhosi, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomdlali zokuhamba ukusuka emngxunyeni ukuya emngxunyeni.
Umlinganiselo wesantya: Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya esiphezulu singaphantsi kwe-24 km / h (15 mph).
Izithintelo zeNdlela: Kumazwe amaninzi nakwimimandla, iinqwelo zegalufa azivumelekanga kwiindlela zikawonke-wonke ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekileyo.
Isithuthi esinesantya esiphantsi (LSV)
Ingqikelelo yee-LSVs (IiThuthi ezinesantya esiphantsi) isuka ikakhulu kwimithetho yendlela yase-US kwaye ibhekisa kwizithuthi zombane ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yokhuseleko kunye nesantya.
IiNjongo zokuYila: Ilungele ukuhamba phakathi koluntu, iikhampasi, kunye neendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide, ngelixa zikwasemthethweni kusetyenziso lwendlela.
Uluhlu lwesantya: Esona santya siphezulu siqhelekile yi-32–40 km/h (20–25 mph).
IiMfuneko zoLawulo: Kufuneka uxhotyiswe ngeempawu zokhuseleko ezifana nezibane, izipili ezibonisa ngasemva, amabhanti ezihlalo, kunye nemiqondiso yokujika, kwaye kufuneka ubhaliswe kwabasemagunyeni bezendlela. Ayizizo zonke iindlela ezivumelekileyo, kwaye ii-LSVs zivumeleke kuphela ezindleleni ezinesantya esingama-35 mph okanye ngaphantsi.
Isishwankathelo kunye nothelekiso:Iinqwelo zegalufazisetyenziswa kuphela kumabala egalufa, ngelixa ii-LSV “ziizithuthi ezisemthethweni ezinesantya esiphantsi” eziwela phakathi kwamabala egalufa kunye nezithuthi zendlela.
Iimeko zeSicelo esiPhambili
Iinqwelo zeGalufa
Iiklabhu zeGalufa: Esona sicelo sixhaphakileyo kukuba abadlali begalufa bahambe.
Iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide: Zibonelele ngokhenketho olusekhosini kunye nothutho lomgama omfutshane kubakhenkethi.
Iiprojekthi zeReal Estate: Ezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zisebenzisa iinqwelo zegalufa kuthutho lwangaphakathi olukude.
IiLSVs
Uluntu oluGated kunye neeKhampasi: Ilungele ukuhamba kwabahlali bemihla ngemihla kunye nohambo lokuzonwabisa.
Iipaki zoshishino kunye neendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide: Njengendlela yokusingqongileyo enobubele, enesantya esiphantsi, kwaye ikhuselekile.
Ukuhamba umgama omfutshane wasezidolophini: Ii-LSV zivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni kwiindawo zasezidolophini apho kuvumelekileyo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zohambo olufutshane, olunesantya esiphantsi.
Ngelixaiinqwelo zegalufa"zingqale kwigalufa," iiLSVs zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi "lweemeko zobomi kunye nomsebenzi."
Iimpawu zobuGcisa kunye neeMfuno zoKhuseleko
Iinqwelo zeGalufa
Ulwakhiwo olulula: Ugxininisa ukukhanya kunye noqoqosho.
Iimpawu zoKhuseleko oluNcinciweyo: Uninzi lweemodeli zineenkqubo zokuqhokra ezisisiseko kunye nezibane ezilula, amabhanti ezihlalo azinyanzelwanga, kwaye iiwiper ze-windshield azifumaneki.
Inkqubo yebhetri: Uninzi lusebenzisa iibhetri ezingama-48V okanye i-72V ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zokuqhuba ikhosi yegalufa.
IiLSVs
Iinkalo Zokhuseleko Ezipheleleyo: Kufuneka zithobele imithetho yendlela kwaye zibandakanye izibane, iiwiper, amabhanti ezihlalo, nezipili ezibonisa ngasemva.
Isakhiwo esomelele ngakumbi: Umzimba ufana ngakumbi nowemoto encinci, kwaye ezinye iimodeli zineengcango kunye ne-cockpit evaliweyo.
Uluhlu oluPhezulu kunye namandla: Ngamanye amaxesha axhotyiswe ngebhetri enkulu ye-lithium-ion ukuxhasa uhambo olufutshane lwasedolophini.
Xa kuthelekiswa, ii-LSVs "ziimoto ezenziwe lula," ngelixa iinqwelo zegalufa "ziphuculwe kwindlela yokuhamba."
Iindleko zokuSebenza kunye noMahluko woLawulo
Iinqwelo zeGalufa
Iindleko zokuThenga eziPhantsi: Ngenxa yolungiselelo lwazo olulula, iinqwelo zegalufa zidla ngokuba nexabiso elingaphantsi kunee-LSV.
Ixabiso eliphantsi loLondolozo: Ngokuyintloko kubandakanya ukulungiswa okulula kwibhetri, amatayara kunye nomzimba.
Ulawulo oluguquguqukayo: Lufanelekile ukuthengwa kwezinto ezininzi kunye nokuthunyelwa kunye nokulawula okuphakathi.
IiLSVs
Iindleko eziphezulu zokuThenga: Ngenxa yemfuneko yokuhlangabezana nemigaqo yendlela kunye neempawu zokhuseleko, ixabiso ngesithuthi ngasinye liphezulu kakhulu kunelo leenqwelo zegalufa.
IiMfuno eziPhakamileyo zoLondolozo: Ifuna ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolondolozo lwenqanaba lemoto.
Ulawulo Oluntsonkothileyo ngakumbi: lubandakanya ukubhaliswa kwesithuthi, i-inshurensi, kunye nemigaqo yendlela, ukonyusa iindleko zolawulo.
Kwiindawo zegalufa ezigxile kwimisebenzi esebenzayo,iinqwelo zegalufazifaneleke ngakumbi kwiinqwelo ezinkulu, ngelixa ii-LSV zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo zokungcebeleka eziphezulu okanye ezinemisebenzi emininzi kunye noluntu.
Ukhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo kunye neeNdlela zoPhuhliso
Kuzo zombiniiinqwelo zegalufakunye nee-LSVs, ukufakwa kombane, ubukrelekrele, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo zizinto eziqhelekileyo.
Iinqwelo zegalufa ziphuhla zisiya kulawulo lweenqanawa ezikrelekrele, ukuphuculwa kwebhetri ye-lithium, kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso, ukunceda izifundo ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namava abathengi.
Ii-LSVs ziphuhla ngakumbi ekushukumeni okuluhlaza okusezidolophini, ngokuthe ngcembe zibe sisincedisi esibalulekileyo kumgama omfutshane, uthutho olunesantya esisezantsi.
Ngokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi, uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwazo zombini luya kugxininisa ngakumbi kumandla acocekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele.
Indlela yokukhetha: Inqwelo yeGalufa okanye iLSV
Kubaqhubi bekhosi kunye nabaqhubi, ukhetho luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile:
Ukuba kugxilwe kwimisebenzi yekhosi yangaphakathi kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi, iinqwelo zegalufa ngokungathandabuzekiyo zezona zinokhetho olungabizi kakhulu.
Ukuba imfuno ikwabandakanya uluntu, ipaki, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwendlela esemthethweni, iiLSVs sisisombululo esifanelekileyo.
UTara, umzekelo, ubonelela ngeenqwelo zegalufa ezingahlanganisiyo kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwekhosi yemihla ngemihla kodwa zinokukwandiswa kwaye zilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Ngenkqubo yayo yolawulo lwezithuthi ezikrelekrele, abaqhubi bezifundo banokubeka iliso kwimo yezithuthi ngexesha lokwenyani, bevumela ukucwangciswa okusebenzayo kunye nokuphucula iindleko. Kubathengi abanomdla ekuphuculeni kwii-LSVs kwixesha elizayo, uTara uphuhlisa izisombululo zeemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Nangona ii-LSV kunye neeNqwelo zeGalufa zabelana ngezinto ezininzi ezifanayo ngenkangeleko kunye nokusebenza, ziyahluka kakhulu kwimimiselo, indawo, iimeko zesicelo, kunye neendleko. Ngokulula:
Iinqwelo zeGalufa zizithuthi zegalufa ezizinikeleyo zothutho, ezigxininisa uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ii-LSV zizithuthi ezisemthethweni ezinesantya esiphantsi ezihlangabezana noluhlu olubanzi lwendlela yokuphila kunye neemfuno zokuhamba, ngakumbiiimoto ezincinci.
Kwizifundo zegalufa kunye nabaphathi bemisebenzi, ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zibini kuya kubanceda benze izigqibo zokuthenga ezihlangabezana neemfuno zabo.
EYurophu, isiqinisekiso se-EEC seenqwelo zegalufa siyafana nesiqinisekiso se-LSV eMelika. Kuphela izithuthi ezigqithisa isatifikethi esihambelanayo zinokubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni kwaye zisetyenziswe endleleni.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nolawulo lweenqwelo zegalufa kunye nezisombululo ezilungiselelwe wena, nceda undwendweleIwebhusayithi esemthethweni kaTarakwaye ujonge indlela eya kwimidlalo yegalufa ekrelekrele yale mihla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-05-2025
