Iinqwelo zegalufa, ezikhe zajongwa njengesithuthi esilula sokuthutha abadlali kulo lonke uhlaza, ziye zavela zaba ngoomatshini abakhethekileyo, abanobuhlobo nendalo abayinxalenye yamava anamhlanje egalufa. Ukusukela kwisiqalo esithobekileyo ukuya kwindima yabo yangoku njengezithuthi ezinesantya esiphantsi, ezinamandla ombane, uphuhliso lweekhareji zegalufa lubonisa iindlela ezibanzi zokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kunye nokuzinza kokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi leemoto.
Iziqalo Zokuqala
Imbali yeenqwelo zegalufa isukela ekuqaleni koo-1950 xa imfuno yesithuthi esisebenzayo, esisebenzayo kwibala legalufa sathi sabonakala. Ekuqaleni, abadlali begalufa babedla ngokuhamba ebaleni, kodwa ukwanda kokuthandwa kwezemidlalo, kunye nenani elikhulayo labadlali abadala, kukhokelele ekuyilweni kwenqwelo yegalufa yombane yokuqala. Ngo-1951, inqwelo yegalufa yombane yokuqala eyaziwayo yaziswa yinkampani yePargo, inikezela ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo nenganyanzelisiyo ngokwasemzimbeni yokuhamba.
Ukunyuka koShishino lweNqwelo yeGalufa
Ngasekupheleni koo-1950 nasekuqaleni koo-1960, iinqwelo zegalufa zaqala ukwamkelwa ngamabala egalufa kulo lonke elase-United States. Ekuqaleni, ezi zithuthi zazisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabadlali begalufa abanezithintelo zomzimba, kodwa njengoko umdlalo wawuqhubeka ukhula ekuthandeni, ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo zegalufa kwandiswe ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye. Ngeminyaka yoo-1960 kwavezwa iinqwelo zegalufa ezisebenza ngepetroli, ezazinika amandla amaninzi kunye noluhlu kunezazo zombane.
Njengoko imfuno isanda, uninzi lwabavelisi abakhulu bavela kushishino lweenqwelo zegalufa, nganye inegalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike. Ngoyilo oluphuculweyo kunye nomthamo omkhulu wemveliso, ezi nkampani zaqala ukuseka isiseko seenqwelo zegalufa njengoko sizazi namhlanje.
Ukutshintshela kuMbane woMbane
Iminyaka yoo-1990 yaphawula inguqu kushishino lwenqwelo yegalufa, njengoko ulwazi ngendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli kukhokelele ekugxininiseni ngamandla kwiimodeli zombane. Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yebhetri, ngakumbi ekuphuhliseni i-lead-asidi esebenzayo kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, yenze iinqwelo zegalufa zombane zisebenziseke ngakumbi kwaye zingabizi kakhulu. Olu tshintsho lwaluhambelana neendlela ezibanzi ezibhekiselele kuzinzo kuzo zombini iimoto kunye noshishino lwezithuthi zolonwabo.
Njengoko iinqwelo zegalufa zombane zazisebenza ngamandla kwaye zifikeleleka ngakumbi, ukuthandwa kwazo kwanda kakhulu-kungekhona kumabala egalufa kuphela kodwa nakwezinye iindawo ezifana neendawo zokuhlala, iindawo zokungcebeleka kunye neendawo zasedolophini. Ukongeza kokungakhathali kokusingqongileyo, iinqwelo zombane zibonelela ngokusebenza okuthe cwaka kunye neendleko eziphantsi zolondolozo xa kuthelekiswa nezazo ezisebenza ngepetroli.
Inqwelo yeGalufa yale mihla: Ubuchwephesha obuphezulu kunye ne-Eco-Friendly
Iinqwelo zegalufa zanamhlanje azisebenzi nje; bahlakaniphile, bakhululekile, kwaye baxhotyiswe ngeempawu eziphambili. Abavelisi ngoku babonelela ngeenqwelo zegalufa ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokupheleleyo ngokhetho olunje ngeGPS navigation, iinkqubo eziphambili zokunqunyanyiswa, umoya womoya, kunye nokuqhagamshelwa kweBluetooth. Ukufika kobuchwephesha bokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo kunye nokudityaniswa kwemigaqo yesithuthi sombane (EV) kuyaqhubeka ukubumba ikamva leenqwelo zegalufa.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kule minyaka yakutsha nje kukutshintshela kwiimoto zombane ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Iinqwelo zegalufa ezininzi zale mihla zinikwa amandla ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion, ezibonelela ngokuphucuka kokusebenza, ubomi obude, kunye namaxesha okutshaja akhawulezayo xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-asidi zemveli. Ngaphaya koko, ngokukhula komdla kwiZithuthi ezinesantya esiphantsi (LSVs) kunye neenqwelo ezisemthethweni zasesitalatweni, ukubanakho kweenqwelo zegalufa ukuba zibe yeyona ndlela iphambili yothutho kwiindawo ezithile zoluntu ziyakhula.
Ukukhangela kwikamva
Njengoko ishishini leenqwelo zegalufa liqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezintsha, abavelisi bagxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza, ukuthuthuzela, kunye nokuzinza. Ubugcisa obuvelayo obufana namandla elanga, iinkqubo zokukhangela eziqhutywa yi-AI, kunye neebhetri zesizukulwana esilandelayo zivula indlela yexesha elitsha leenqwelo zegalufa ezithembisa ukwenza izifundo zibe luhlaza, zisebenze ngakumbi, kwaye zonwabe ngakumbi kubadlali bayo yonke iminyaka.
Uhambo lweenqwelo zegalufa-ukusuka kwisiqalo esithobekileyo ukuya kwimeko yazo yangoku yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, izithuthi ezilungele indalo-zibonisa iindlela ezibanzi kuzo zombini iindawo zokuzonwabisa kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto. Njengoko sijonge kwikamva, iinqwelo zegalufa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziya kuqhubeka nokuvela, zigcina iwonga lazo njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yamava egalufa ngelixa zidlala indima eyonyukayo kuthutho oluzinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2024
