Uguquko lweMicromobility: Amathuba eeNqwelo zeGalufa zokuhamba ezidolophini eYurophu naseMelika

Imarike ye-micromobility yehlabathi itshintsha kakhulu, kwaye iinqwelo zegalufa ziyavela njengesisombululo esithembisayo sokuhamba ngeenyawo ezidolophini umgama omfutshane. Eli nqaku livavanya ukusebenza kweenqwelo zegalufa njengesixhobo sokuthutha izixeko kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, lisebenzisa ithuba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno yehlabathi (ukuthengiswa kwemarike yehlabathi kufikelele kwiiyunithi ezingama-215,000 ngo-2024, ngaphezulu kakhulu kuneeyunithi ezingama-45,000 ngo-2020) kunye nomkhwa wokwaluphala kwabemi (abemi behlabathi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala baya kufikelela kwi-1.3 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2024, ngakumbi eYurophu, eMntla Melika nakwiindawo ezithile zase-Asia).

1. Uhlalutyo lweMfuno yeMarike

A. Unxibelelwano "lweMile yokugqibela" kwiindawo zaseNtshona

- Iindawo zabantu abathathe umhlala-phantsi: Umzekelo, *Iilali* eFlorida, eMelika, zisebenzisa kakhulu iinqwelo zegalufa njengeyona ndlela iphambili yokuthutha. Iinqwelo zegalufa zezona ndlela zikhethwayo zokuthutha abemi kwezi ndawo ngenxa yesantya sazo esiphantsi, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

- Ukhenketho kunye nokuthuthwa kweekhampasi: Iindawo ezininzi zokungcebeleka (ezifana neSun City eArizona) kunye neeyunivesithi (ezifana neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego) zisebenzise iinqwelo zegalufa kwiindlela zangaphakathi zokuthutha kunye nezothutho. Le ndlela ibonisa ukwanda kwemfuno yezithuthi ezincinci, ezingenayo igesi, kwaye ide ibe yindlela eqhelekileyo.

B. Amathuba aqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo

- Ukuphumla kwemithetho: ETexas naseFlorida, urhulumente ukwandisile ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezihamba ngesantya esiphantsi (ii-LSV) ezifana neekharethi zegalufa, ezivumela ukuba zihambe ezindleleni ezinesantya esilinganiselweyo se-35 mph, nto leyo edala imeko-bume efanelekileyo yokwazisa ezi zithuthi.
- Izikhuthazo zezithuthi zombane: I-EU Green Deal kunye nemigaqo yezithuthi ezingenakukhutshwa komoya eCalifornia ziyahambelana neempawu zokusingqongileyo zeenqwelo zegalufa, nto leyo ekhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo zegalufa kwezothutho lwasezidolophini.

2. Uphuculo loKhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho

- Iimpawu zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo: Ukuze zilungelelaniswe neemfuno zezithuthi zasezidolophini, iinqwelo ezininzi zegalufa zinezakhiwo zokhuseleko ezidibeneyo ezifana nezibane ze-LED, iibhanti zesihlalo kunye neefreyimu eziqinisiweyo, ezihlangabezana nomgangatho we-FMVSS 500 kwaye zinokukhusela ngcono ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi kunye nabakhweli.
- Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium luphucule kakhulu uluhlu lweekharethi zegalufa, ezinokuxhasa iimayile ezingama-50-70 zokuqhuba ngetshaja nganye, kwaye zixhase ibhetri enomthamo omkhulu, nto leyo enciphisa "ixhala" labasebenzisi.

3. Isifundo Setyala: Iinqwelo Zegalufa Ezilungiselelwe Izixeko ZaseYurophu

A. Uyilo lweDolophu oluNcinci

- Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweNarrow Street: EBarcelona, ​​eSpain, kwasetyenziswa uvavanyo lweenqwelo zegalufa ezincinci eziziimitha ezili-1.2 ububanzi ukungena nokuphuma kwesi sithili sembali, nto leyo eyanciphisa kakhulu ingxaki yokuxinana kweemoto.
- Uhlobo lwempahla: Inkampani yezothutho eNetherlands isebenzisa inqwelo yegalufa yempahla eyenzelwe wena ngokukodwa ukuhanjiswa kwephakheji "yeemitha ezingama-500 zokugqibela", inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kweelori zedizili ngama-40%, igcina amandla kwaye inciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, kwaye iphucula iingenelo zokusingqongileyo.

B. Imodeli yoBhaliso

Inkampani yokuqesha iimoto eLondon iqalise inkonzo yokuqesha iimoto zegalufa ngeyure kwiindawo ezinomoya omncinci, ingakumbi kubakhenkethi nakubahambi apha, ibonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba eziguquguqukayo neziluhlaza zokuthutha ezidolophini, nto leyo ekwaphucula kakhulu ingxolo nongcoliseko kuloo ndawo.

4. Uqikelelo lwexesha elizayo

Amanye amaziko aqikelela ukuba ngo-2030, imakethi yehlabathi yezothutho ezincinci kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$500 yeebhiliyoni, kwaye iinqwelo zegalufa ziya kubalelwa kwi-15% yesabelo semarike kwezo ndawo zikufutshane nakwiindawo zabantu abasele bethathe umhlala-phantsi.

Isiphelo

Iinqwelo zegalufa zinekamva elithembisayo ngaphaya kwamabala egalufa, zibonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo sothutho kwizixeko ezijongene nabantu abadala kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo. Ukuze kuphunyezwe eli thuba, abavelisi kufuneka bagxile ekuthobeleni imithetho, imveliso yasekuhlaleni, kunye nokudibanisa ubuchwepheshe obukrelekrele.

Abavelisi bangaqala ngeeprojekthi zovavanyo kwiindawo zokuhlala zabantu abathathe umhlalaphantsi nakwiindawo zokhenketho, baze basebenzisane namaqonga okwabelana ngeenqwelo-mafutha zasekuhlaleni ukuze basebenzise la mathuba ukwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo-mafutha zegalufa kwezothutho lwasezidolophini.