I-Micromobility Revolution: Ithuba leeNqwelo zeGalufa zokuHamba ezidolophini eYurophu nase-United States

Imakethi yehlabathi ye-micromobility iqhuba utshintsho olukhulu, kwaye iinqwelo zegalufa zivela njengesisombululo esithembisayo sokuhamba umgama omfutshane ukuya ezidolophini. Eli nqaku livavanya ukusebenza kweenqwelo zegalufa njengesixhobo sothutho lwasezidolophini kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, lithatha ithuba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno yehlabathi (intengiso yemarike yehlabathi ifikelele malunga neeyunithi ezingama-215,000 ngo-2024, phezulu kakhulu kuneeyunithi ezingama-45,000 ngo-2020) kunye nentsingiselo yokuguga kwabantu (abemi behlabathi abangaphezulu kwe-4 yezigidigidi, malunga nama-61 eebhiliyoni kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala, malunga ne-61 yaseYurophu. INorth America kunye neendawo zaseAsia).

1. Uhlalutyo lweMfuneko yeMarike
A. "I-Mile yokugqibela" uQhagamshelwano kuluntu lwaseNtshona

- Abantu abadla umhlala-phantsi: Umzekelo, *Iilali* zaseFlorida, eU.SA, zisebenzise kakhulu iinqwelo zegalufa njengeyona ndlela yothutho. Iinqwelo zeGalufa zezona ndlela zothutho ezikhethwa ngabahlali kwezi ndawo ngenxa yesantya esiphantsi, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

- Ukhenketho kunye nokuthuthwa kwekhampasi: Iindawo ezininzi zokungcebeleka (ezifana ne-Sun City e-Arizona) kunye neeyunivesithi (ezifana neYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego) zisebenzise iinqwelo zegalufa zothutho lwangaphakathi kunye nempahla. Lo mkhwa ubonakalisa imfuno ekhulayo yezithuthi ezixineneyo, ezikhupha iqanda, kwaye ide ibe ngumkhwa.

B. Amathuba aqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo
- Ukuphumla okuLawulwayo: E-Texas naseFlorida, urhulumente uye wandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezihamba ngesantya esiphantsi (LSVs) ezifana neenqwelo zegalufa, ezivumela ukuba zihambe ezindleleni ezinomlinganiselo wesantya se-35 mph, ukudala indawo efanelekileyo yokuthandwa kwezi zithuthi.
- Inkuthazo yezithuthi zombane: I-EU Green Deal kunye nemigaqo yemoto yaseCalifornia ye-zero-emission ihambelana neempawu zokusingqongileyo zeenqwelo zegalufa, ukukhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo zegalufa kuthutho lwasezidolophini.

2. Ukuphuculwa koKhuseleko nokuThobela
- Iimpawu zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo: Ukuze ulungelelanise neemfuno zezithuthi zasezidolophini, iinqwelo zegalufa ezininzi zineendlela zokukhusela ezidibeneyo ezifana nezibane ze-LED, amabhanti ezihlalo kunye nezakhelo eziqinisiweyo, ezihlangabezana nomgangatho we-FMVSS 500 kwaye unokukhusela ngcono ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi kunye nabagibeli.
-Ukwenziwa kwebhetri entsha: Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium luphucule kakhulu uluhlu lweenqwelo zegalufa, ezinokuxhasa iimayile ezingama-50-70 zokuqhuba ngentlawulo, kunye nokuxhasa ibhetri enomthamo omkhulu, ukunciphisa "uluhlu lwexhala" lwabasebenzisi.

3. Uphononongo: Iinqwelo zeGalufa ezilungiselelwe iziXeko zaseYurophu
A. Uyilo lweDolophu oluQinisekileyo
- Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwesitalato esiNarrow: E-Barcelona, ​​eSpain, uvavanyo lweenqwelo zegalufa ezincinci ze-1.2-ebubanzini ububanzi zisetyenziselwa ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwisithili sembali, ukunciphisa kakhulu ingxaki yokuxinana kwezithuthi.
- I-Freight Version: Inkampani yezothutho e-Netherlands isebenzisa inqwelo yegalufa elungiselelwe ngokukhethekileyo "yeemitha ezingama-500 zokugqibela" ukuhanjiswa kwephakheji, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kweelori ze-diesel nge-40%, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kunye nokuphucula izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo.

B. Imodeli yokurhuma
Inkampani erentisa izithuthi eLondon imisele inkonzo yeyure yokurenta iinqwelo zegalufa kwiindawo ezikhutshwa kancinci, ngakumbi kubakhenkethi nabakhweli apha, ibonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba eziguquguqukayo neziluhlaza kuthutho lwasezidolophini, oluphucula kakhulu ingxolo kunye nongcoliseko kwindawo.

4. Uqikelelo Lwekamva
Amanye amaziko aqikelela ukuba ngo-2030, imarike yezothutho kwihlabathi jikelele kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-US$500 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, kwaye iinqwelo zegalufa ziya kubalelwa kwi-15% yesabelo semarike kwezo dolophu kunye nabahlali abadla umhlala-phantsi.

Ukuqukumbela
Iinqwelo zegalufa zinekamva elithembisayo ngaphaya kwamabala egalufa, zibonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzayo sothutho kwizixeko ezijongene nabantu abalupheleyo kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo. Ukwandisa oku kunokwenzeka, abavelisi kufuneka bagxininise ekuthotyelweni kwemithetho, imveliso yasekhaya, kunye nokudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe be-smart.

Abavelisi banokuqalisa ngeeprojekthi ezilingwayo kwiindawo ezihlala abantu abadla umhlala-phantsi nakumaziko abakhenkethi, kwaye basebenze namaqonga okwabelana ngokukhwela asekuhlaleni ukuze baxhathise la mathuba ukwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo zegalufa kuthutho lwasezidolophini.