Xa becwangcisa ibala legalufa okanye izithuthi zeendawo zokungcebeleka, abaphathi nabadlali abaninzi babuza oku: Bakhawuleza kangakananiiinqwelo zegalufaNgaba uthini? Idatha egunyazisiweyo ibonisa ukuba uninzi lweekhareji zombane ezisemgangathweni zinesantya esiphezulu se-15–25 mph (malunga ne-24–40 km/h), ngelixa iikhareji zegalufa ezisebenzisa ipetroli zinokukhawuleza kancinci, zifikelele kwi-30 mph (malunga ne-48 km/h). Isantya siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesithuthi, umthamo webhetri, umthwalo, kunye neemeko zomhlaba. Eli nani alichaphazeli kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwendlela kodwa likwanxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye namaqhinga okugcinwa kwezithuthi.
Uhlalutyo lwesantya senqwelo yegalufa yombane eqhelekileyo
Iinqwelo zegalufa zombanezezona zikhetho ziphambili kwiindlela zanamhlanje, iinkqubo zabo zamandla zixhomekeke kakhulu kwiipakethi zebhetri ezingama-48V okanye ezingama-72V. Iimodeli eziqhelekileyo zihlala ziyilwe ngesantya esilinganiselweyo kwi-24–25 km/h, kunye nobuninzi be-30 km/h, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwiindlela zendlela kunye namathambeka.
Izinto ezichaphazela isantya seenqwelo zegalufa zombane ziquka:
Umthamo webhetri: Umthamo ophezulu ukhokelela ekuzinzeni ngcono kokukhupha kunye nokuhla okuncinci kwesantya xa unyuka iinduli okanye ulayishwe ngokupheleleyo.
Umthwalo: Xa ugcwele abantu abayi-4-6 okanye izinto ezifunekayo, isantya sinokwehla nge-10-15% xa kuthelekiswa nokuba ungenanto.
I-Terrain kunye neGradient: Iindlela ezinamagquma okanye iindlela ezingagayiwanga zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kokukhawulezisa.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iikharethi zegalufa ezisebenzisa igesi, ezisebenzisa iinjini zokutshisa zangaphakathi, zinamandla aphezulu okukhupha kwaye zinokufikelela ngokulula kwisantya esiphezulu se-40–50 km/h, kodwa oku kuza nengxolo kunye nokukhutshwa komoya.
Imigaqo yoKhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweeNqwelo zeGalufa zoMbane
Nangona ezinye iinkundla zegalufa zivumela umda omncinci wesantya kwiinqwelo zombane, le migaqo ilandelayo ilandelwa ngokubanzi:
Iimpawu zoMda weSisantya: Uninzi lweendlela zibeka umda wesantya se-15–20 km/h kwiindlela ezinkulu okanye kwiinqwelo zegalufa.
Uqeqesho lwabaqhubi: Abaqhubi kufuneka baqhelane neendlela zokuqhobosha, zokuqhuba, nezokukhwela intaba zesithuthi. Ukugcinwa rhoqo: Amatayara, iibhuleki, iibhetri, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo zifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo.
Uyilo lukaTara lubandakanya iimpawu zokhuseleko kuzo zonke iinqwelo zegalufa zombane kunye nezithuthi eziluncedo, kubandakanya imisebenzi yokunciphisa isantya se-elektroniki kunye nemisebenzi yokupaka, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzisi ngelixa begcina ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Izinto zobugcisa ezichaphazela isantya senqwelo yegalufa
Uhlobo Lwebhetri
Iinqwelo zegalufa zombane zihlala zisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lead-acid okanye iibhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zazikade zikhethwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zifikeleleka lula, kodwa zinzima kakhulu, zithintela ukukhawulezisa kunye nemveliso yokusebenza.
Iibhetri zeLithium-ion zilula, zitshaja ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zihlala ixesha elide, zigcina isantya esizinzileyo nokuba ziphantsi komthwalo opheleleyo kwaye zisezintanjeni.
Amandla eMoto
Iinqwelo zegalufa zombane eziqhelekileyo zihlala zinemoto engama-3–5 kW, ngelixa iimodeli ezisebenza kakuhle zinokufikelela kwi-6–7 kW, nto leyo echaza ngokuthe ngqo ukukhawulezisa kwesithuthi kunye nokusebenza kokunyuka kwaso. Iimodeli zochungechunge lweekhosi zikaTara ziza nemoto engama-6.3 kW, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Umphezulu kunye nomhlaba
Iindawo ezigudileyo ezilungisiweyo zivumela iinqwelo zegalufa ukuba zifikelele kwisantya sazo esiphezulu, ngelixa kucetyiswa ukuba unciphise isantya ukuze ukhuseleke xa uhamba ngengca emanzi, etyibilikayo okanye kwiindlela ezirhabaxa.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Umbuzo 1: Ngaba kukho umda wesantya osemthethweni kwiinqwelo zegalufa?
EMelika, uninzi lweenkundla zegalufa kunye neendawo zokuhlala zithi iinqwelo zegalufa zombane azinakudlula i-25 mph (malunga ne-40 km/h) kwiindlela zomdyarho okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala. Ukudlula esi santya somda kunokuba kukwaphulwa komthetho kwaye kuchaphazele amabango e-inshorensi.
Umbuzo 2: Zihamba ngesantya esingakanani iinqwelo zegalufa xa zigcwele?
Xa igcwele abantu abayi-4-6, isantya esiphezulu senqwelo yegalufa yombane eqhelekileyo sinokwehla nge-10-15%, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20-22 km/h. Ukuba ilayishwe kancinci okanye ayinanto, ingabuyela kwisantya sayo esicwangcisiweyo.
Umbuzo 3: Yeyiphi ekhawulezayo, yinqwelo yegalufa yombane okanye yinqwelo yegalufa esebenza ngepetroli?
Iinqwelo zegalufa ezisebenzisa igesi zihlala zinesantya esiphezulu kancinci, zifikelela kwi-30 mph (malunga ne-48 km/h), kodwa iinqwelo zegalufa ezisebenzisa umbane azinamsindo, zineendleko zokulungisa eziphantsi, kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ngakumbi kwiindawo zegalufa nakwiindawo zokuhlala.
Umbuzo 4: Ngaba kukhuselekile ukunyusa isantya seenqwelo zegalufa zombane?
Utshintsho olungekho semgangathweni okanye utshintsho lwesantya luyandisa umngcipheko wokuqengqeleka okanye ukungaphumeleli kweebhuleki. Kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa umenzi wezixhobo zokuqala (i-OEM) okanye iimodeli eziqinisekisiweyo zokusebenza okuphezulu kwaye unamathele ngokungqongqo kwimida yesantya sendlela.
Ixabiso lesicelo
Kwiinkundla zegalufa, kwiindawo zokungcebeleka, nakwiindawo zasezidolophini, isantya sezithuthi sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namava:
Ibala Legalufa: Ukugcina isantya esifanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweendlela zomdyarho kunye neendawo eziluhlaza ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kakuhle kwetumente okanye ukuhambahamba.
Indawo yokungcebeleka: Iinqwelo zegalufa zombane okanye izithuthi zikagesi zinokudibanisa amagumbi eendwendwe ngokukhawuleza kwibala, nto leyo ephucula ulwaneliseko lwabathengi.
Indawo yokuhlala: Iinqwelo zegalufa zombane ezingenangxolo iphantsi, ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo zifanelekile kwiindlela zothutho loluntu, kodwa kufuneka zithobele imithetho yendlela yoluntu.
Indlela yokukhetha inqwelo yegalufa enesantya esifanelekileyo
Chaza ukusetyenziswa okucetywayo: Ukuhambahamba, ukuthuthwa kwezinto, ukuthuthwa kwabadlali, okanye isithuthi esinezinto ezininzi. Cinga ngomhlaba: Umbane oqhelekileyoiinqwelo zegalufazanele kwiindawo ezithe tyaba, ngelixa iinqwelo zegalufa ezinamandla aphezulu okanye eziphakanyisiweyo zicetyiswa kwiindawo ezinde.
Gxila ekusebenzeni kwebhetri: Iibhetri ezinomthamo ophezulu nezisemgangathweni ophezulu ziqinisekisa ukunyuka iinduli kunye nesantya somthwalo opheleleyo.
Beka phambili ukuthembeka kophawu: Iinqwelo zegalufa zombane zeTara zibalasele ngokuqina kwesantya, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthembeka ngokubanzi.
Isishwankathelo
Ukuqonda uluhlu lwesantyaiinqwelo zegalufaKubalulekile kwimisebenzi yekhosi, ulawulo lokhuseleko, kunye nokukhethwa kwezithuthi. Ngokukhetha iinqwelo zegalufa zombane okanye izithuthi zeenkonzo kunye nokuzilungiselela nokuzilawula ngokufanelekileyo ngokweemeko zendawo kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, iinqwelo zegalufa zeTara zivumela imisebenzi esebenzayo, ekhuselekileyo, neyobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-06-2026
