Ngokuthandwa kweengcamango zokuhamba okuluhlaza kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, iinqwelo zegalufa zombane ziye zaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa iinkundla zegalufa kwihlabathi liphela. Njenge "ntliziyo" yesithuthi siphela, ibhetri imisela ngokuthe ngqo unyamezelo, ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko. Ukususela kwibhetri yokuqala ye-lead-acid ukuya kwibhetri ye-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) yangoku, ukuvela kwetekhnoloji kuphucule kakhulu amava okusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenqwelo yegalufa. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kwiingenelo zeLiFePO4 xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lead-acid zemveli ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelo, uxinano lwamandla, ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunye nesantya sokutshaja.
Imida yeebhetri ze-lead-acid
Iibhetri ze-lead-acid zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinqwelo zegalufa ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi kunye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, zikwanazo neengxaki ezininzi: zinzima kwaye zihlala kwindawo eninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kwamava okulawula imoto yonke; zineemfuno eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwaye kufuneka zongezwe rhoqo ngamanzi acocekileyo, kungenjalo zinomngcipheko wokufumana i-sulfur kwaye zinciphise ubomi bazo. Ukongeza, ubomi bomjikelo weebhetri ze-lead-acid buhlala malunga namaxesha angama-300-500, kwaye ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwandisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.
Iingenelo zeebhetri zeLiFePO4
ukhuseleko
Iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zinozinzo oluphezulu kakhulu kubushushu nakwikhemikhali, azikwazi ukubaleka okanye ukutsha, kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye azinatyhefu. Phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu okanye i-short circuit, umda wokhuseleko weLiFePO4 udlula kakhulu owezinye iinkqubo zebhetri ye-lithium, kwaye unokubonelela ngeziqinisekiso zokusetyenziswa ezithembekileyo kwiinqwelo zegalufa.
Ubomi boMjikelo
Ubomi bomjikelo weebhetri zeLiFePO4 buphezulu kakhulu kunobo beebhetri ze-lead-acid. Ngokubanzi, bungaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezingama-2,000, kwaye iimveliso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zinokufikelela kwizihlandlo ezingama-3,000-5,000, oko kuthetha ukuba zingasetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka emi-5-10 phantsi kwemeko yokukhupha okunzulu kanye ngemini. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amandla eebhetri ze-lead-acid aya kubola aye ngaphantsi kwe-80% yomthamo wokuqala emva kwemijikelo engama-500, nto leyo efuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo, kwaye inyusa kakhulu iindleko zokulungisa kunye nokulahlekelwa lixesha lokungasebenzi.
Ubuninzi bamandla
Uxinano lwamandla luphawu olubalulekileyo lwetekhnoloji yebhetri. Kumthamo ofanayo, ubunzima bebhetri yeLiFePO4 bumalunga ne-1/3 kuphela yobo bebhetri ye-lead-acid, kwaye umthamo umalunga ne-1/2, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ubunzima besithuthi kwaye iphucula uluhlu lokuqhuba kunye nomthamo womthwalo wesithuthi. Ukongeza, ubunzulu bokukhupha obuphezulu (i-DoD inokufikelela kwi-80-100%) kwenza izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla elisebenzayo libe phezulu, ngelixa i-DoD efanelekileyo yebhetri ye-lead-acid imalunga ne-50% kuphela, ichitha amandla amaninzi anokubakho.
Ukuguquguquka kobushushu
Kwimeko yobushushu obuphantsi, ukusebenza kwebhetri ye-lead-acid kuyehla kakhulu, kwaye ukulahleka komthamo kunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwama-50%; ngelixa ibhetri ye-LiFePO4 isenokugcina ngaphezulu kwama-80% omthamo kunye nombane ophumayo kwi--10°C, kwaye ubuncinci bobushushu obuvumelekileyo bokusebenza bunokufikelela kwi--20°C, obuzinzileyo ngakumbi kwindawo yasebusika okanye ebandayo yasebaleni kusasa.
Ukukwazi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza
Ibhetri yeLiFePO4 ixhasa izinga eliphezulu lokutshaja (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.5C okanye i-1C), nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokulinda ukutshaja kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwesithuthi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izinga lokutshaja elicetyiswayo leebhetri ze-lead-acid yi-0.1C–0.2C kuphela, kwaye kudla ngokuthatha iiyure ezi-6–8 ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemisebenzi ye-frequency ephezulu.
Ixabiso elipheleleyo kunye nexabiso
Nangona utyalo-mali lokuqala lweebhetri zeLiFePO4 luphezulu ngama-30–50% kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid, ngenxa yobomi bayo obuhle kunye neempawu zayo zokugcinwa eziphantsi, ixabiso elipheleleyo linokugcinwa lifana okanye liphantsi kwiminyaka emi-5. Ethubeni, iLiFePO4 inciphisa amaxesha okutshintshwa kunye nokugcinwa kweeyure, kwaye ixabiso lilonke lobunini (TCO) eliziswa yiyo likhuphisana ngakumbi kuneebhetri ze-lead-acid.
Isiphelo
Ukususela kukhuseleko, ubomi bomjikelo, uxinano lwamandla, ukuguquguquka kobushushu ukuya ekutshajeni ngokukhawuleza, iibhetri zeLiFePO4 zibonise iingenelo ezibanzi kwizicelo zeenqwelo zegalufa. Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kunye nemveliso enkulu, ixabiso leebhetri zeLiFePO4 liya kuqhubeka lihla. Kwixesha elizayo, kulindeleke ukuba libe ngumthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo kwiinqwelo zegalufa zombane kunye nentsimi ebanzi yeLSV (isithuthi esinesantya esiphantsi), inceda imisebenzi yenkundla yegalufa ukuba isebenze ngakumbi, iluhlaza kwaye ihlale ixesha elide.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-08-2025
